The Cyclooxygenase (COX) Protein

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Sequence Alignment of the Cyclooxgyenase (COX) Protein (Homo sapiens) (with Clustalw) a

Isoform Sequence Alignment 

COX-1.1   -MSRSLLLWFLLFLLLLPPLPVLLADPGAPTPVNPCCYYPCQHQGICVRFGLDRYQCDCT 59
COX-1.2   -MSRSLLLWFLLFLLLLPPLPVLLADPGAPTPVNPCCYYPCQHQGICVRFGLDRYQCDCT 59
COX-2     MLARALLLCAVLALS---------------HTANPCCSHPCQNRGVCMSVGFDQYKCDCT 45
           ::*:***  :* *                 ..**** :***::*:*: .*:*:*:****

COX-1.1   RTGYSGPNCTIPGLWTWLRNSLRPSPSFTHFLLTHGRWFWEFVN-ATFIREMLMRLVLTV 118
COX-1.2   RTGYSGPNCTIPGLWTWLRNSLRPSPSFTHFLLTHGRWFWEFVN-ATFIREMLMRLVLTV 118
COX-2     RTGFYGENCSTPEFLTRIKLFLKPTPNTVHYILTHFKGFWNVVNNIPFLRNAIMSYVLTS 105
          ***: * **: * : * ::  *:*:*. .*::*** : **:.**  .*:*: :*  *** 

COX-1.1   RSNLIPSPPTYNSAHDYISWESFSNVSYYTRILPSVPKDCPTPMGTKGKKQLPDAQLLAR 178
COX-1.2   RSNLIPSPPTYNSAHDYISWESFSNVSYYTRILPSVPKDCPTPMGTKGKKQLPDAQLLAR 178
COX-2     RSHLIDSPPTYNADYGYKSWEAFSNLSYYTRALPPVPDDCPTPLGVKGKKQLPDSNEIVE 165
          **:** ******: :.* ***:***:***** **.**.*****:*.********:: :..

COX-1.1   RFLLRRKFIPDPQGTNLMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTSGKMGPGFTKALGHGVDLGHIYGDNLE 238
COX-1.2   RFLLRRKFIPDPQGTNLMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTSGKMGPGFTKALGHGVDLGHIYGDNLE 238
COX-2     KLLLRRKFIPDPQGSNMMFAFFAQHFTHQFFKTDHKRGPAFTNGLGHGVDLNHIYGETLA 225
          ::************:*:****************. * **.**:.*******.****:.* 

COX-1.1   RQYQLRLFKDGKLKYQVLDGEMYPPSVEEAPVLMHYPRGIPPQSQMAVGQEVFGLLPGLM 298
COX-1.2   RQYQLRLFKDGKLKYQVLDGEMYPPSVEEAPVLMHYPRGIPPQSQMAVGQEVFGLLPGLM 298
COX-2     RQRKLRLFKDGKMKYQIIDGEMYPPTVKDTQAEMIYPPQVPEHLRFAVGQEVFGLVPGLM 285
          ** :********:***::*******:*::: . * **  :* : ::*********:****

COX-1.1   LYATLWLREHNRVCDLLKAEHPTWGDEQLFQTTRLILIGETIKIVIEEYVQQLSGYFLQL 358
COX-1.2   LYATLWLREHNRVCDLLKAEHPTWGDEQLFQTTRLILIGETIKIVIEEYVQQLSGYFLQL 358
COX-2     MYATIWLREHNRVCDVLKQEHPEWGDEQLFQTSRLILIGETIKIVIEDYVQHLSGYHFKL 345
          :***:**********:** *** *********:**************:***:****.::*

COX-1.1   KFDPELLFGVQFQYRNRIAMEFNHLYHWHPLMPDSFKVGSQEYSYEQFLFNTSMLVDYGV 418
COX-1.2   KFDPELLFGVQFQYRNRIAMEFNHLYHWHPLMPDSFKIG--------------------- 397
COX-2     KFDPELLFNKQFQYQNRIAAEFNTLYHWHPLLPDTFQIHDQKYNYQQFIYNNSILLEHGI 405
          ********. ****:**** *** *******:**:*::                      

COX-1.1   EALVDAFSRQIAGRIGGGRNMDHHILHVAVDVIRESREMRLQPFNEYRKRFGMKPYTSFQ 478
COX-1.2   ----------------GGRNMDHHILHVAVDVIRESREMRLQPFNEYRKRFGMKPYTSFQ 441
COX-2     TQFVESFTRQIAGRVAGGRNVPPAVQKVSQASIDQSRQMKYQSFNEYRKRFMLKPYESFE 465
                          ****:   : :*:   * :**:*: *.******** :*** **:

COX-1.1   ELVGEKEMAAELEELYGDIDALEFYPGLLLEKCHPNSIFGESMIEIGAPFSLKGLLGNPI 538
COX-1.2   ELVGEKEMAAELEELYGDIDALEFYPGLLLEKCHPNSIFGESMIEIGAPFSLKGLLGNPI 501
COX-2     ELTGEKEMSAELEALYGDIDAVELYPALLVEKPRPDAIFGETMVEVGAPFSLKGLMGNVI 525
          **.*****:**** *******:*:**.**:** :*::****:*:*:*********:** *

COX-1.1   CSPEYWKPSTFGGEVGFNIVKTATLKKLVCLNTKTCPYVSFRVPD----------AS--- 585
COX-1.2   CSPEYWKPSTFGGEVGFNIVKTATLKKLVCLNTKTCPYVSFRVPD----------AS--- 548
COX-2     CSPAYWKPSTFGGEVGFQIINTASIQSLICNNVKGCPFTSFSVPDPELIKTVTINASSSR 585
          *** *************:*::**:::.*:* *.* **:.** ***          **   

COX-1.1   ---QDDGPAVERP--STEL 599
COX-1.2   ---QDDGPAVERP--STEL 562
COX-2     SGLDDINPTVLLKERSTEL 604
             :* .*:*     ****

Accession numbers: NP_000953 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1
isoform 1 (COX-1.1) ; NP_542158 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 isoform 2 (COX-1.2);
NP_000954 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2)

Predicted General Properties of the Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1.1  Protein  (Homo sapiens) - Primary Sequence Analysis (with ProtParam) b

Number of amino acids: 599 Molecular weight: 68686.3 Theoretical pI: 6.81
Amino acid composition: 
Ala (A) 25 4.2% Arg (R) 33 5.5% Asn (N) 19 3.2% Asp (D) 24 4.0% Cys (C) 13 2.2% Gln (Q) 27 4.5% Glu (E) 36 6.0% Gly (G) 45 7.5% His (H) 18 3.0% Ile (I) 25 4.2% Leu (L) 74 12.4% Lys (K) 25 4.2% Met (M) 18 3.0% Phe (F) 39 6.5% Pro (P) 46 7.7% Ser (S) 33 5.5% Thr (T) 30 5.0% Trp (W) 10 1.7% Tyr (Y) 27 4.5% Val (V) 32 5.3% Asx (B) 0 0.0% Glx (Z) 0 0.0% Xaa (X) 0 0.0%
Total number of negatively charged residues (Asp + Glu): 60 Total number of positively charged residues (Arg + Lys): 58 Atomic composition: Carbon C 3144 Hydrogen H 4781 Nitrogen N 815 Oxygen O 856 Sulfur S 31 Formula: C3144H4781N815O856S31 Total number of atoms: 9627 Extinction coefficients: Extinction coefficients are in units of M-1 cm-1, at 280 nm measured in water. Ext. coefficient 95980 Abs 0.1% (=1 g/l) 1.397, assuming ALL Cys residues appear as half cystines Ext. coefficient 95230 Abs 0.1% (=1 g/l) 1.386, assuming NO Cys residues appear as half cystines Estimated half-life: The N-terminal of the sequence considered is M (Met). The estimated half-life is: 30 hours (mammalian reticulocytes, in vitro). >20 hours (yeast, in vivo). >10 hours (Escherichia coli, in vivo). Instability index: The instability index (II) is computed to be 44.50 This classifies the protein as unstable. Aliphatic index: 84.12 Grand average of hydropathicity (GRAVY): -0.181

Bioinformatics References

a Higgins D., Thompson J., Gibson T. Thompson J. D., Higgins D. G., Gibson T. J.(1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting,position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:4673-4680.

b Gasteiger E., Hoogland C., Gattiker A., Duvaud S., Wilkins M.R., Appel R.D., Bairoch A.; Protein Identification and Analysis Tools on the ExPASy Server;
(In) John M. Walker (ed): The Proteomics Protocols Handbook, Humana Press (2005). pp. 571-607  Full text - Copyright Humana Press.

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Recent Articles on the Cyclooxygenase (COX) Protein

pubmed: cyclooxygenase
Anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and antioxidant profiles of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition as chemoprevention for rat bladder carcinogenesis.
Parada B, Sereno J, Reis F, Teixeira-Lemos E, Garrido P, Pinto AF, Cunha MF, Pinto R, Mota A, Figueiredo A, Teixeira F
Cancer Biol Ther 
Luminal chemosensing and upper gastrointestinal mucosal defenses.
Akiba Y, Kaunitz JD
Am J Clin Nutr 
Sesquiterpenes from Ainsliaea fragrans and their inhibitory activities against cyclooxygenases-1 and 2.
Wang H, Wu T, Yan M, Liu G, Li P, Zhang XQ, Ye WC, Zhang LY
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 
Two novel cosegregating mutations in tRNAMet and COX III, in a patient with exercise intolerance and autoimmune polyendocrinopathy.
Bortot B, Barbi E, Biffi S, Angelini C, Faleschini E, Severini GM, Carrozzi M
Mitochondrion 
Blockade of PGHS-2 inhibits the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis response to cerebral hypoperfusion in the sheep fetus.
Wood CE, Powers Fraites M, Keller-Wood M
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 
Ketorolac tromethamine transdermal gel: development, in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Dubey R, Bommagani M, Venkateswarlu V, Mullangi R, Karnati HR, Thammera RK, Menon VC
J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 
Cold exposure does not decrease serum leptin concentration, but increases energy intake and thermogenic capacity in pregnant Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii).
Zhang XY, Jing BB, Wang DH
Zoology (Jena) 


 

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